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Reasons for the migration from the south to the north of Italy and its consequences
Prošková, Petra ; Mejstřík, Martin (advisor) ; Lukešová, Anna (referee)
Migration within Italy began on a larger scale already after the Second World War, and in the following decades it resulted in the imaginary division of the state into an economically strong north and a weaker south. The issue was emphasised by the specific approach of the ruling Christian Democracy party, which was the key to the development of Italy in the second half of the twentieth century. Although it strove for the restoration and modernization of the southern regions, due to the inefficiency of redistribution of finances, corruption and the influence of the mafia, the necessary restructuring and restoration did not take place. For this reason, the issue of internal migration gradually intensified and normalized. Motives for mthe migration were in most cases of an economic nature, as it was mostly about job opportunities or higher wages, which were much more available in the north. This trend naturally caused many problems in connection with society, demography, economy, etc
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Diskontinuity of urbanization process in post-war China - Urbanization policies of People's Republic of China in respect of reform changes in 1970's
Bolchová, Jitka ; Sýkora, Jan (advisor) ; Sehnálková, Jana (referee)
Thesis deals with urbanization policies of People's Republic of China during period from the end of civil war in 1949 till nowadays. It focuses in particular on the impact of reforms in the 70s of the 20th century. During the rule of Mao Zedong before the Great Leap Forward, the urbanization process in China is present as a side effect of central policies, rather than as a result of targeted pro-urbanization policies. Period of the Great Leap Forward and Cultural Revolution on one hand are characterized by massive industrialization, on the other, however by suppression of any urbanization processes. Furthermore, there is a central government-controlled migration of population from cities to the countryside through the Hukou system. Following the reforms in the 70s of the 20th century China opens to the outside world. It leads to a radical change of direction towards a socialist market economy. The main changes include a focus on economic prosperity and de-ideologization policy, China has opened to the Western world. Soon the positive effects of urbanization on economic prosperity and growth emerges. Urbanization is from now on supported through various central polices. One of the mechanisms leading to massive urbanization and consequently to economic growth is the release of the informal labor...
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Impact of Economic Reforms on Contemporary Chinese Countryside
Matoušek, Jan ; Klimeš, Ondřej (advisor) ; Hudeček, Jiří (referee)
The Bachelor thesis aims to introduce the situation in the Chinese countryside and changes, which occurred after 1978 as a result of the economic reforms. The main part of the thesis discusses tax issues on the lowest administrative level and the tax burden on peasants of the 1990s. The thesis is based mainly on findings from a source called The Survey of Chinese Peasants Zhongguo nongmin diaocha 中国农民调查 by authors Chen Guidi 陈桂棣 and Wu Chuntao 吴春桃 and other relevant secondary literature. The final chapter informs about the reforms, which were conducted during the first decade of the 21st century and were supposed to improve the situation in the countryside.
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Hlavní faktory růstu indické ekonomiky po roce 1990
Stloukal, Aleš
This thesis focuses on the main growth factors in Indian economy after 1990. After the analysis of economic reforms and its impact on GDP, import, export and foreign directs investments were identified main growth factors. Factors were compared to the Bangladesh economy.
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Cuban economic transformation and normalization of relations with the USA
Jenáčková, Monika ; Jiránková, Martina (advisor) ; Bič, Josef (referee)
The diploma thesis deals with the economic system of Cuba which worked for nearly fifty years on almost unchanging principles of central planning. Since 2007, measures have been put in place to change the functioning of Cuba's economic system towards lower state participation in the economy and an emphasis on market values. The aim of this diploma thesis is to find measures that support the statement that the Cuban command system is being transformed into market economy, and to describe the characteristics of the Cuban transformation. Another objective is, based on knowledge of the historical background, to assess possible implications of normalizing relations with the US. The work is divided into three parts. The starting point for the analysis of the Cuban economic system is the theoretical definition of economic systems and the transformation process in the first chapter, followed by a description of the long-term functioning of the Cuban command system and the historical development of relations with the US in the second chapter. The third chapter presents and evaluates the measures implemented in Cuba since 2007, which are closely related to the transformation to the market economy. In addition, the possible implications of normalization of Cuba-US relation are analyzed. At the end of the diploma thesis, there is a SWOT analysis of the current Cuban economy that concludes the issue.
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Impact of Economic Reforms on Contemporary Chinese Countryside
Matoušek, Jan ; Klimeš, Ondřej (advisor) ; Hudeček, Jiří (referee)
The Bachelor thesis aims to introduce the situation in the Chinese countryside and changes, which occurred after 1978 as a result of the economic reforms. The main part of the thesis discusses tax issues on the lowest administrative level and the tax burden on peasants of the 1990s. The thesis is based mainly on findings from a source called The Survey of Chinese Peasants Zhongguo nongmin diaocha 中国农民调查 by authors Chen Guidi 陈桂棣 and Wu Chuntao 吴春桃 and other relevant secondary literature. The final chapter informs about the reforms, which were conducted during the first decade of the 21st century and were supposed to improve the situation in the countryside.
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The return of Poland and Czechoslovakia and the entry of Hungary to International Monetary Fund.
Veverka, Jan ; Svoboda, Karel (advisor) ; Mlsna, Petr (referee)
Bachelor thesis "The Return of Poland and Czechoslovakia and the Entry of Hungary to International Monetary Fund" deals with the early membership of these three central European countries - Czechoslovakia, Poland and Hungary - in the International Monetary Fund. First the thesis deals with how both Czechoslovakia and Poland were involved in the process of setting up the IMF and how they both terminated their membership in the beginning of the fifties, later the thesis deals with the circumstances leading to the Hungarian membership in the International Monetary Fund in 1982, to Polish membership renewal in 1986 as well as to Czechoslovak membership renewal talks in the 1980s. There has been a substantial change in economic and political setting in Hungary, Czechoslovakia and Poland after thirty years of disparate economic evolution and political separation via "iron curtain". At the same time, the character of IFM changed as well, and it was this coincidence that lead to the change in the attitude towards the IMF membership on the side of all above mentioned states as well as of the international organization itself.
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Diskontinuity of urbanization process in post-war China - Urbanization policies of People's Republic of China in respect of reform changes in 1970's
Bolchová, Jitka ; Sýkora, Jan (advisor) ; Sehnálková, Jana (referee)
Thesis deals with urbanization policies of People's Republic of China during period from the end of civil war in 1949 till nowadays. It focuses in particular on the impact of reforms in the 70s of the 20th century. During the rule of Mao Zedong before the Great Leap Forward, the urbanization process in China is present as a side effect of central policies, rather than as a result of targeted pro-urbanization policies. Period of the Great Leap Forward and Cultural Revolution on one hand are characterized by massive industrialization, on the other, however by suppression of any urbanization processes. Furthermore, there is a central government-controlled migration of population from cities to the countryside through the Hukou system. Following the reforms in the 70s of the 20th century China opens to the outside world. It leads to a radical change of direction towards a socialist market economy. The main changes include a focus on economic prosperity and de-ideologization policy, China has opened to the Western world. Soon the positive effects of urbanization on economic prosperity and growth emerges. Urbanization is from now on supported through various central polices. One of the mechanisms leading to massive urbanization and consequently to economic growth is the release of the informal labor...
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The Transformation Process in Algeria (1988 - 1999)
Beránek, Zdeněk ; Gombár, Eduard (advisor) ; Mendel, Miloš (referee) ; Pirický, Gabriel (referee)
- Transformační proces v Alžírsku (1988-1999) Předkládaná práce analyzuje politické změny v Alžírsku po roce 1988, kdy byl po nepokojích v hlavním městě zahájen liberalizační proces a urychleny ekonomické tržní reformy. Politické reformy měly posílit postavení prezidenta Bendžedída a jeho spojenců na úkor konzervativních oponentů a zároveň obnovit legitimitu režimu. Autoři reforem každopádně nepočítali s výraznějším sdílením moci. Nečekaný úspěch islamistické strany mobilizoval konzervativce a protiislamisticky zaměřené armádní velení. Zrušení voleb kvůli jednoznačnému vítězství islamistů v lednu 1992 vedlo k eliminaci islamistické i sekulární opozice. Obnovený autoritářský režim dokázal dostat pod kontrolu islamistické povstání a s pomocí MMF i kritickou ekonomickou situaci. Návrat k ústavnímu režimu proběhl bez účasti islamistické i sekulární opozice, která byla fragmentovaná a režim ji dokázal částečně kontrolovat. Po roce 1996 byl nastolen autoritářský režim s omezenými pluralitními prvky s dominantním postavením prezidenta, které je však oslabováno výrazným vlivem armádního velení. Politické strany mohou působit, ale jejich vliv je omezen. Jisté limity má i svoboda tisku. Došlo k posílení soukromého sektoru, postavení státu je však stále výrazné a ekonomika je závislá na vývozu ropy a zemního...
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Development of the Czechoslovak banking system in years years 1945 - 1958
Hrubý, Vít ; Chalupecký, Petr (advisor) ; Johnson, Zdenka (referee)
This bachelor thesis is an inquiry into an evolution of the banking system in Czechoslovakia in-between 1945 - 1958. At first, it defines theoretical outcomes of free-market banking system and conception of banking system in a model of central-planned economy. Moreover, it discusses the history of banking during the period of 1918 - 1945. In the analytical part, it deals with the situation of banking system right after the WW2 and analyzes changes set by Benes`s Decrees in 1945 and concentrating of banking industry. In 1948, Communist party of Czechoslovakia became leading power by political revolution, The National Bank of Czechoslovakia was nationalized and relatively fast transformation of free-market economy to central-planned one began. In 1950, The State Bank of Czechoslovakia, which functionality was of central as well as of commercial bank, was established. In 1958, when The State Bank of Czechoslovakia also acquire the function of investment bank, became full-feathered monobank.
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